Research
Long-form pieces with substantive empirical or theoretical content. Distinct from the blog (shorter, ops-oriented).
- · Kevin Dickerson
Counting the invisible: 30% of an LLM workflow's spend wasn't visible to the substrate.
What we measured against a real rate-limited provider when the substrate's accounting got more honest.
Lamina Token Accounting Petri Nets Rate Limits Verification Substrate - · Kevin Dickerson
Statically Bounding Resource Accumulation in LLM Agent Workflows: The Cost Case
A decidable, polynomial-time static analyzer produces a sound upper bound on the cumulative cost — and any monotone resource — accumulated across every reachable marking of an LLM agent workflow. Proven, implemented in Lamina, and evaluated against a live model across 25 parameter combinations with no violation.
Lamina Petri Nets Formal Verification LLM Agents Cost Bounds Static Analysis